Corticosterone

Corticosterone
IUPAC name (11β)-​11,​21-​dihydroxypregn-​4-​ene-​3,​20-​dione
Identifiers
CAS number	50-22-6 Y
PubChem	5753
MeSH	Corticosterone
SMILES	OCC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2 [C@@H]3CCC4=CC(=O)CC [C@]4(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@]12C
Properties
Molecular formula	C21H30O4
Molar mass	346.46 g mol−1
Y (what is this?)  (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Corticosterone (CORT) is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.

Roles

In many species, including amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, corticosterone is a main glucocorticoid,^[1] involved in regulation of fuel, immune reactions, and stress responses.

However, in humans, corticosterone is produced primarily in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. It has only weak glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid potencies in humans and is important mainly as an intermediate in the steroidogenic pathway from pregnenolone to aldosterone. Corticosterone is converted to aldosterone by aldosterone synthase, found only in the mitochondria of glomerulosa cells. Glomerulosa cells are found in the Zona glomerulosa, which is the most superficial region of endocrine cells in the adrenal cortex.

Release or generation mechanisms

One example of a release pathway relates to UV-B stimulation on the skins of certain amphibians such as the Rough-skinned Newt, Taricha granulosa; this trigger seems to cause the internal generation of corticosterone in that species.^[2]

References

Additional images

Steroidogenesis

Deoxycorticosterone

Aldosterone

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